Why is Eastern Australia So Densely Populated?
Eastern Australia, despite its vastness and seemingly inhospitable desert regions, has attracted a significant population over the years. The popular belief suggesting that people avoid water and desert regions is a misnomer. The truth lies in the specific climatic and geographic conditions that make this region a viable and appealing place to live.
Climate and Geographical Suitability
The history of human settlement in Australia is closely tied to its climate and rainfall patterns, which are favorable for habitation, growing crops, and livestock. In most countries, economic and climatic factors drive the initial and continued habitation and development of particular regions. Eastern Australia, with its mild climate, stable rainfall, and fertile soil, has always been a prime area for human settlement.
The Botany Bay in Sydney was the first area discovered, marking the beginning of European colonization. Its suitability for settlement led to its early development and, eventually, its status as the heart of New South Wales. This region’s favorable climatic conditions made it an attractive choice for the first convicts and settlers, who were accustomed to similar environments.
Geographical Factors and Accessibility
The vastness of Australia adds another layer to the reason for its eastern region being the most densely populated. For example, traveling distances are crucial. From Melbourne, one can reach Adelaide or Sydney within a single day by car, whereas Brisbane might take 1.5 to 2 days, Perth and Darwin around 4 days. The expansive nature of Australia means that geographically, the closer cities tend to be more economically and socially connected, leading to higher population density in these areas.
The distance factor is a significant one. The eastern coast of Australia includes Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, and Adelaide, all of which are relatively close to each other. This proximity fosters economic, social, and cultural interactions, making these cities more attractive places to live. Conversely, cities farther west, such as Perth and Darwin, are less densely populated as they are further away from each other and from major economic centers.
Historical Factors and Convict History
The history of convict transportation and settlement is another critical factor in the population density of eastern Australia. The arrival of convict ships in places like Sydney Cove in the 18th century was the catalyst for the establishment of Western civilization in the region. The conditions in New South Wales were more favorable for European settlers than those in other parts of the country, making it an appealing destination for both convicts and free settlers alike.
New South Wales, named after the then-king of England, was an appropriate name given the conditions that facilitated British settlement. The landscape and climate were more hospitable to the European settlers, allowing them to thrive and establish their settlements. Over time, these settlements grew into major cities and continue to be the economic and cultural centers of the region.
Drop Bears and Cultural Myths
Australian folklore plays a significant role in people's perceptions of the west of the country. Drop Bears, large predatory bears native to the Australian bush, are a prominent part of popular culture and urban legends. While these creatures are a part of Australian folklore and are often portrayed as a menace, there is no scientific evidence to support their existence. However, the myth of Drop Bears is used to create a sense of fear and adventure in the west of the country, often referred to as 'outback Australia'.
For many Australians, the fear of Drop Bears is balanced by a sense of pride in the diverse and unique wildlife of the region, including the Funnel Web Spider, the Saltwater Crocodile, and a wide variety of snakes. The Australian government's 'Look Up and Live' campaign is a humorous reminder of the dangers of the outback, while also encouraging awareness and respect for the environment.
The central and western deserts have historically been managed by indigenous inhabitants, who have used fire as a tool to manage the landscape and deter Drop Bears. This practice, known as 'firestick farming,' involves controlled burns to maintain the open grasslands and prevent the growth of tall vegetation that might attract Drop Bears.
The lack of resources in these regions is also a factor. Traveling long distances in the west of Australia can be perilous, with signs warning of the dangers of running out of fuel and the potential for encountering Drop Bears. However, this also adds to the isolation and rugged beauty of the region, making it an unique destination for those seeking adventure.