Why Did Muhammad PBUH Allow Pre-Muslim Names to Continue as Muslim Names?

Many names from pre-Islamic times in Arabia possessed noble meanings and therefore stood the test of time as Islamic names. Similar principles applied to names in other languages during the Prophetic era, as long as their meanings promoted positive values and did not contradict Islamic teachings.

Rules of Thumb for Naming in Islam

Persuasive Evidence:

Personal given names can be changed, but patronymics (names derived from a father's name) cannot be altered, even if they have negative connotations or are associated with negative personalities. The name of one of the Prophet’s companions, Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl, reflects this rule, as the name was not changed despite its association with a notorious figure.

Some names denoting servitude towards anything other than Allah are not accepted, as these names contradict the fundamental belief in monotheism. For example, Abd as Shams (servant of the sun) and Abd al Kaabah (servant of the Kaaba) were acceptable in the pre-Islamic era but were effectively banned by Islam.

Negative names that convey inherently bad meanings are not permitted. The Prophet himself altered names deemed inappropriate. According to an authentic Hadith narrated by Ibn 'Umar, the daughter of 'Umar was originally named ‘Aasiyah, meaning disobedient. The Prophet renamed her Jameelah, meaning beautiful, to reflect a positive trait instead of a negative one. This incident is recorded in Muslim’s Hadith collection, volume 4, number 2139.

Names that glorify excessive praise to oneself are also not allowed. One example is the name of Zainab bint Jahsh, who was originally named Barrah, meaning dutiful, but the Prophet renamed her. This name was considered too self-assertive, as it implies self-righteousness, which can only be determined by Allah.

A Comprehensive Approach in Islam

As the Creator of Islam, Muhammad (PBUH) embraced a inclusive approach, allowing diverse elements to coexist within his religion.

Appeal to a Broader Audience:

Islam is like a buffet of practices and beliefs that cater to a wide range of communities and cultural backgrounds. Elements from various religious and cultural traditions were incorporated into Islam, making it more appealing to different groups. This inclusivity includes the retention of pre-Islamic names, which carry historical and cultural significance.

Jewish scriptures, Christian stories, Zoroastrian teachings about heaven, pagan rituals such as kissing the black stone and circling the Kaaba during Hajj, and even the use of pre-Islamic names, all contributed to the rich tapestry of Islamic practices. This approach ensured that the religion could attract and integrate a broad spectrum of people, thereby fostering a diverse and culturally rich community.

The allowance of pre-Islamic names reflects the Prophet’s wisdom in recognizing the value of continuity and cultural preservation within a rapidly transforming society. It demonstrates a balance between tradition and innovation, ensuring that the new religion would resonate with both the established and new believers alike.