Understanding Passive Sentences: Definition, Usage, and Benefits in Writing and Speaking
Introduction to Passive Sentences
A passive sentence is a grammatical structure where the subject of the sentence is affected by the is in contrast to the active sentence structure, where the subject performs the action.
Defining Passive Sentences
A passive sentence can be identified by the use of a form of 'to be' (such as was, were, is, are) combined with a past participle (such as broken, opened, painted).
The receiver of the action is the subject. The doer of the action (often called the agent) is expressed by a phrase beginning with 'by.'
Example
Active: I ran a three-kilometer leg in a A three-kilometer leg in a marathon was run by me.
As you can see, the passive version is often more complex and can sound awkward.
Uses of Passive Sentences in Writing and Speaking
Emphasizing the Action or Receiver
Passive sentences are used to focus on the action rather than the doer. This is useful when the agent is unknown, unimportant, or when the emphasis is on the result of the action.
Examples
Writing Example: The stopped bus was crushed by the falling rocks.
Speaking Example: The email was sent to all employees this morning.
Methodology and Professional Context
Passive sentences are often used in scientific, technical, and formal writing to avoid the incontinent use of pronouns and to provide a more objective flow of information.
Example
Active: The team conducted the The experiment was conducted by the team.
Note how the passive version often has the agent omitted or implied in the sentence.
When to Use Passive Sentences
While passive sentences can be useful, they should be used judiciously. They are not recommended in casual writing or speech because they can be awkward and periphrastic (using more words than necessary).
Consider the following:
If the agent of the action is unknown or unimportant. If your focus is on the action and its impacts, rather than the doer. In formal and scientific writing where objectivity is valued. When avoiding the use of first person pronouns (I, we) is necessary.Conclusion
Passive sentences can be a powerful tool in writing and speaking, particularly in formal contexts. However, their usage should be carefully considered to ensure clarity and coherence.