How Psychology Aids English Language Learners
Learning a new language, especially English, presents a unique challenge for non-native speakers. The role of psychology is crucial in this journey, guiding learners to navigate the challenges and reap the rewards of language acquisition.
Creating a Comfortable Learning Environment
As an English language instructor, fostering a comfortable and supportive environment is vital. Encouraging students and providing constructive feedback without personalizing criticism can make all the difference. It’s important to remember that any criticism about language use is merely aimed at improvement, not a reflection on the student's abilities.
The Power of Self-Motivation Through Shame
Interestingly, shame can be a powerful motivator for some learners. Those who are highly self-motivated find that frequent doses of self-criticism can drive them to perform better. It's essential to navigate this carefully, ensuring that the motivation comes from a place of personal growth and not self-deprecation.
Personal Language Learning Experience
My own journey with English began over 25 years ago and continues to this day. It's been a gradual progress, with each challenge making the process richer. Personally, I've found that learning a second language enhances my first, which can be confusing at times, especially when switching between languages. However, these challenges have given way to a profound understanding of the psychological benefits of language learning.
Empirical Evidence for the Psychological Benefits
Research has shown that learning another language not only enhances cognitive abilities but also confers several psychological advantages. Here are 10 of these benefits:
Brain Growth and Learning
The regions of the brain involved in language processing actually grow with the acquisition of a second language, leading to enhanced cognitive functions. According to a study by Mrtensson et al. (2012), those who learn a second language experience brain growth in the critical areas of language processing.
Staving Off Dementia
Bilingual individuals are better protected against the onset of dementia. Research by Craik et al. (2010) indicates that bilingualism can delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease by up to five years, making language learning more effective than current pharmaceutical interventions.
Improved Listening Skills
Bilingualism requires the brain to distinguish different types of sounds, leading to enhanced auditory processing. A study by Krizman et al. (2012) found that bilingual speakers have better listening skills due to the increased cognitive load required to differentiate sounds in multiple languages.
Better Memory and Attention Control
Bilingual individuals display superior memory and attention control. Infants brought up in bilingual households exhibit stronger working memories than monolinguals, which translates to improved mental calculation and reading skills (Morales et al., 2013).
Enhanced Cognitive Flexibility
Bilinguals are adept at switching between tasks and adapting to unexpected circumstances, demonstrating greater cognitive flexibility. Research by Gold et al. (2013) shows that bilinguals can quickly shift between tasks and are more adaptable to unforeseen changes.
Better Multitasking and Attention
The constant activation and monitoring of multiple languages enhance cognitive functions. Bilinguals are better at multitasking and managing distractions (Bialystok Craik, 2010).
New Perceptions and Cognitive Enhancements
Learning a new language can fundamentally alter how you perceive the world. For instance, learning Japanese can change the way you perceive light and dark blue (Athanasopoulos et al., 2010).
Improved First Language
Gaining proficiency in a second language can also enhance one's native language. As Geoffrey Willans said, 'You can never understand one language until you understand at least two.'
Concluding Thoughts
The psychological benefits of learning another language extend far beyond practical applications such as ordering food or asking directions. It fundamentally transforms one's cognitive capabilities and way of thinking. Understanding these psychological benefits can motivate English language learners and make the process of learning much more rewarding.