The Difference Between a Doctorate of Philosophy (PhD) and a Doctorate of Education (EdD)

When considering advanced degrees, two prominent types often come to mind: the Doctorate of Philosophy (PhD) and the Doctorate of Education (EdD). These degrees are tailored to different career paths and research methodologies, reflecting the diverse needs of academic and professional environments. When comparing the PhD and EdD, it is essential to recognize the distinct goals and approaches of each program.

Philosophy vs. Education: The Core Differences

The PhD is a research degree and represents the highest degree one can earn in the United States, with the exception of certain fields like jurisprudence (JD). As its name suggests, a PhD is a research-oriented degree, encompassing a wide range of disciplines, including education. The education-focused PhD, also known as an EdD, is a professional degree specific to the field of education. Other professional doctorates include MD, DDS, DVM, and some consider the JD a professional doctorate.

Focus and Curriculum

PhD (Doctorate of Philosophy): The PhD is geared towards preparing candidates for a life of academic research. PhD candidates delve deep into a specific field, reviewing the literature, identifying gaps in knowledge, formulating hypotheses, and generating original contributions to the body of existing research. This degree focuses on theoretical and philosophical aspects, emphasizing empirical and methodological rigor. PhD graduates are typically well-prepared to conduct independent research and contribute to scholarly discourse.

EdD (Doctorate of Education): The EdD is designed for educational leaders and has a more 'applied' nature. EdD candidates start with a real-world issue found in educational practice, focusing on resolving this issue through research and action. Most EdD programs involve solving specific educational problems, which can be presented in a form other than a traditional dissertation. Some universities, such as NYU, refer to this as 'Problems of Practice,' an element that EdD candidates must submit. This program emphasizes practical application and hands-on problem-solving in the field of education.

Research Methods

PhD (Doctorate of Philosophy): The research methods in a PhD program are typically more theoretical and involve extensive literature review, hypothesis testing, and innovation. PhD candidates are expected to develop new theories, conduct extensive research, and contribute to the field's body of knowledge. The focus is on original research that can have a significant impact on the academic and scientific community.

EdD (Doctorate of Education): The research methods in an EdD program are more applied and focused on addressing real-world issues in education. EdD candidates often engage in a 'qualitative' or 'mixed-methods' approach, incorporating both research and practical strategies to solve specific educational challenges. This degree emphasizes the application of research to improve educational outcomes and practices.

Career Opportunities

PhD (Doctorate of Philosophy): Graduates with a PhD often pursue academic and research careers. They can become professors, researchers, or work in universities and research institutions. Additionally, PhDs in various fields can find opportunities in industries such as technology, biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals. Some PhD graduates also work in government positions or as independent researchers.

EdD (Doctorate of Education): Graduates with an EdD are well-prepared for leadership roles in education. They can become educational administrators, principals, superintendents, or work in universities as faculty members. EdD graduates can also engage in educational policy, curriculum development, and instructional design. These professionals are instrumental in improving educational programs and policies, directly impacting student learning and school systems.

Equivalence and Transformations

Several universities have made changes in their degree offerings due to shifting academic trends and the evolving nature of professional doctorates. For example, Harvard once offered the DBA (Doctor of Business Administration), but now grants the PhD in business administration. Similarly, the University of Maryland granted PhDs to former DBA holders retroactively, recognizing the shift towards more research-intensive programs.

The DSc (Doctor of Science) is another degree occasionally offered, which is often considered equivalent to the PhD. However, the focus and approach can vary, with DSc programs offering a broader range of scientific disciplines.

Conclusion

Understanding the difference between a PhD and EdD is crucial for individuals seeking advanced degrees in education. While both degrees offer valuable expertise, they cater to different sets of goals and strategies. A PhD focuses on theoretical and philosophical research, preparing scholars for academia and research, whereas an EdD emphasizes practical application and problem-solving in the field of education. Choosing the right degree depends on one's career aspirations and the type of impact they wish to make in their chosen area.