The Comparative Study of the Bible, Torah, and Quran: Divine Gifts and Salvation

Throughout history, the concepts of divine revelation and salvation have been foundational to religions and spiritual practices. Three sacred texts stand at the core of three major religious traditions: the Bible, the Torah, and the Quran. Each of these scriptures offers unique insights into the knowledge of God and the paths to salvation. This article aims to explore the differences and similarities between these three texts, focusing on their core teachings, the nature of God, and the concept of salvation.

Introduction to the Sacred Texts

The Bible is a collection of religious texts of the Christian faith and is divided into the Old Testament and the New Testament. It encompasses diverse narratives, such as the creation of the world (Genesis 1:1), the development of the Israelite nation (Torah), and the life, teachings, and resurrection of Jesus Christ (Gospel). The Torah is the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, primarily focusing on the laws, commands, and history of the Israelites. It includes the stories of creation (Genesis), the covenant between God and Abraham, and the Ten Commandments. The Quran is the holy book of Islam, revealed to Prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel over 23 years, emphasizing monotheism (Tawhid), moral and societal laws. Misconceptions about the Quran are common, and it is crucial to understand its true essence in a historical and contextual manner.

Nature of God and Divine Names

The nature of God as expressed in these sacred texts plays a vital role in shaping religious belief and practice. The Hebrew Bible and the Quran prominently feature the attribute of God as ELOHIM, a pluralistic term signifying 'Majesty of Excellence' and representing God's divine nature, creative power, sovereignty, and authority (Genesis 1:1–3). In contrast, the New Testament in the Bible further elucidates the trinitarian concept, highlighting the role of the Holy Spirit (John 14:16, 26). The uniqueness of the Biblical narrative lies in its focus on the singular identity of God in the form of the name 'YHWH,' which conveys the concept of 'I Am Who I Am.'

Salvation and the Path to Righteousness

The concept of salvation, or righteousness, emerges in a profound way in each of these texts. The Bible presents a narrative of redemption and salvation through faith in Jesus Christ. In the New Testament, we find numerous passages emphasizing the need for repentance and faith to obtain salvation (Acts 3:19, Romans 3:10, John 3:16–18). The Bible teaches that only through faith in Jesus can one achieve eternal life (Romans 5:8) and escape the consequences of sin. The Quran emphasizes the singular and absolute faith in Allah (Tawhid) and the accountability of humanity before Him (Quran 6:157, Revelation 21:8).

Divine Revelation and the Role of Holy Spirit

The role of divine revelation and the Holy Spirit is significant in guiding humanity towards the path of salvation. In the Bible, the Holy Spirit is seen as the one who teaches and guides believers (John 14:16–17, Acts 1:8). In the Quran, the Holy Spirit (Jibril) plays a crucial role in delivering the message of Allah (Quran 16:102). This divine guidance is essential for understanding the scriptures and following the path of righteousness. The value of the Holy Spirit as the Counselor (Paraclete) is highlighted in both the New Testament (John 16:13) and the Quran (Quran 16:13).

Faults and Misconceptions About the Quran

It is important to address misconceptions surrounding the Quran, such as the claim that it is a 'fake and foolish book written about a false god Allah.' The Quran, revealed in 7th-century Arabia, confirmed and reaffirms the teachings of the prophets before it, including Moses and Jesus (V 28:44–46 Quran). The message of the Quran is centered on monotheism (Tawhid) and the monotheistic context of Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Misunderstandings arise from the historical and cultural contexts in which these texts were written. By understanding the historical context and the coherence of divine revelation across the Bible, Torah, and Quran, one can appreciate the true essence of these divine texts.

Conclusion: A Call to Understanding and Compassion

The Bible, Torah, and Quran serve as guides for millions globally, each offering a unique path to understanding the divine and seeking salvation. This comparative study emphasizes the importance of understanding these texts within their historical and cultural contexts. It is essential to address misconceptions and promote a balanced, inclusive approach to religious engagement. By doing so, we can foster a deeper appreciation for the commonality and diversity of belief systems and contribute to broader societal unity and peace.