Structural Agreement Beyond Subject-Verb Concord in English
In the realm of English grammar, structural agreements are often discussed in the context of the relationship between the subject and the predicate verb. However, this is far from the only form of agreement that exists in English clause structures. This article delves into various types of structural agreements, exploring how the relationship between the subject and other elements of a clause—such as the verbal group, complements, and adjuncts—can affect grammar.
Understanding Structural Agreements
Structural agreements, or agreements between the four main elements of clause structure—subject, predicator, verbal group items, complements, and adjuncts—are not limited to the subject-predicate relationship alone. The concept of structural agreement encompasses a broader test of how different parts of a clause relate to one another. This can include the agreement between a singular subject and a plural complement, as demonstrated in the following example:
Everyone knows themselves. This sentence would imply that each person, whether singular or plural, knows themselves.
However, such constructions can be flagged as grammatically incorrect because the singular subject 'everyone' is incorrectly followed by a plural reflexive pronoun 'themselves'. Understanding these nuances is crucial for achieving grammatical correctness in English.
Exploring Additional Types of Agreements
While subject-verb agreement is the most widely known type of structural agreement, there are numerous other forms that are commonly encountered in everyday speech. For instance:
Subject-Complement Agreement: As shown in the example above, where a singular subject matches with a plural reflexive pronoun.
Subject-Adjunct Agreement: This involves the interaction between the subject and adjuncts, elements that provide additional information about the subject or the clause.
Subject-Verbal Group Agreement: This is the traditional form, involving the agreement between the subject and the main verb or any additional verb forms within the verbal group.
The complexity of these agreements means there are more than 50 types of structural agreements that are frequently observed in everyday conversations. While it is beyond the scope of this article to detail all these forms, understanding the basic principles can significantly enhance your grasp of English grammar.
PRACTICE TASK
To better understand structural agreements, let us explore a series of practice tasks designed for non-native English speakers. Each sentence presents a choice between singular and plural forms. Your goal is to choose the most appropriate option.
SentenceCorrect OptionOptions
My friends or I [are/am/is] to blame for the broken are | b: am | c: is
Johnson alongside his parents, friends and teachers [travels/travels/travel] to Jupiter travels | b: travels | c: travel
Three years [are/is/have to be] enough to study are | b: is | c: have to be
Anybody who wants [their/his/his or her] children to have peace should show good their | b: his | c: his or her
Many a girl [dresses/dress/is dressing] elegantly in this office.aa: dresses | b: dress | c: is dressing
Please give careful consideration to each sentence and attempt to choose the correct form before viewing the answers. This practice will help reinforce your understanding of structural agreements in English.
Conclusion
In summary, understanding structural agreements in English beyond the traditional subject-verb agreement can greatly enhance your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. From subject-complement to subject-adjunct agreements, this article has introduced you to the diverse ways in which different elements of a clause can interact. Regular practice and exploration of these forms will undoubtedly improve your command of English grammar.