### Introduction
What are five scholarly definitions of educational research? Educational research, a cornerstone of the educational domain, systematically gathers and analyses evidence and data to understand and improve educational practices, theories, and outcomes. This article presents five scholarly definitions of educational research to provide a comprehensive understanding of its scope and significance. Additionally, the article explores the fundamental purposes of research within the field of education, emphasizing why these definitions are crucial.
The Scholarly Definitions of Educational Research
1. Pursuing Knowledge for Improvement
According to Creswell (2014), educational research is defined as a process of systematic inquiry involving the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data aimed at improving educational practices and outcomes. Creswell posits that the primary goal of educational research is to enhance the quality of education by addressing issues that affect teaching and learning. This definition highlights the transformative potential of research in educational settings:
"Educational research is a distinct and rigorous discipline that advances knowledge, examines instructional programs, and evaluates educational policies relative to the well-being of students and the professional development of teachers."
2. Expanding Understanding and Application
In his seminal work, Block (2014) defines educational research as scholarly and scientific inquiry that seeks to expand the body of knowledge about teaching and learning. This definition underscores the importance of research in not only gaining new insights but also in applying these insights to practical educational contexts:
"Educational research is a disciplined process of inquiring into the nature of learning and teaching through the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data. It aims to add to the knowledge base, challenge existing theories, and contribute to the development of new ones."
3. Systematic and Rigorous Inquiry
Peters and Simonson (2012) define educational research as a rigorous and systematic methodology designed to investigate and explore educational phenomena. They emphasize the importance of methodological rigor in ensuring the validity and reliability of research findings:
"Educational research is a disciplined inquiry into the conditions and processes that influence learning and teaching, using systematic, empirical approaches to data collection and analysis."
4. Evaluative and Reflective Practice
Evaluation and reflection are central to the definition provided by Bailey (1995). According to Bailey, educational research involves evaluating the effectiveness of educational interventions and practices, while also encouraging critical reflection on these practices:
"Educational research is an evaluative and reflective process that systematically examines the impact of educational programs, policies, and practices on learners and educators alike."
5. Fostering Evidence-Based Practice
Johnson (2018) defines educational research as a critical tool for fostering evidence-based practice in education. This approach emphasizes the use of empirical evidence to inform educational decisions and improve educational settings:
"Educational research is a means of producing and applying knowledge that is grounded in empirical investigation, statistical analysis, and logical argument. It aims to ensure that educational practices are informed by robust research evidence."
The Purposes of Research in Education
1. Re-Searching Existing Knowledge
Re-search, as the etymology of the word suggests, involves examining existing knowledge and perspectives in a detailed and systematic manner. In the context of education, this means revisiting and re-evaluating existing theories, practices, and empirical findings. This approach allows researchers to uncover overlooked or underexplored aspects of educational phenomena:
"Research in education is fundamentally about re-searching existing literature, theories, and principles, and analyzing their value to current phenomena. It is an ongoing process of re-examination and re-evaluation."
2. Establishing Truths
The pursuit of establishing truths is another key purpose of research in education. This involves verifying or refuting existing claims through rigorous empirical methods. This is crucial for advancing the field by ensuring that educational theories and practices are based on sound evidence:
"The goal of research is to establish the ‘truths’ of an issue, to verify or refute hypotheses, and to contribute to a more accurate understanding of educational phenomena."
3. Clarifying Cause-Effect Relationships
Understanding cause and effect relationships is central to research in education. This purpose involves identifying the factors that influence learning outcomes, teaching effectiveness, and other significant educational phenomena. By clarifying these relationships, researchers can inform educational policies, practices, and interventions:
“Research in education aims to clarify cause and effect links, helping us understand the interconnectedness of various educational variables and their impact on student learning and teacher development.”
4. Problem Solving and Decision Making
Research in education serves as a critical tool for problem-solving and decision-making. By gathering evidence and analyzing data, researchers can identify challenges and develop effective solutions. This process is essential for making informed decisions in educational settings:
“Educational research provides a structured approach to problem-solving, enabling educators, policymakers, and other stakeholders to make evidence-based decisions that improve educational outcomes.”
5. Providing Evidence
The provision of evidence is a fundamental aspect of research in education. This purpose involves collecting and presenting data to support or challenge existing claims and theories. This evidence is critical for making informed decisions and advancing the field:
“The ultimate goal of research in education is to provide concrete, empirical evidence that can inform educational practices, policies, and interventions.”
Conclusion
In conclusion, educational research is a multifaceted and essential discipline that aims to improve educational practices and policies through systematic inquiry. By providing scholarly definitions and exploring the purposes of research, this article highlights the critical role of research in education. Understanding these definitions and purposes can guide researchers, educators, and policymakers in conducting and using research effectively for the benefit of students and educators alike.