Proving a Sequence is Arithmetic: Understanding the Criteria and Key Formulas

Proving a Sequence is Arithmetic: Understanding the Criteria and Key Formulas

Introduction to Arithmetic Sequences

An arithmetic sequence, also known as an arithmetic progression, is a sequence of numbers where the difference between any two consecutive terms is constant. This constant difference is referred to as the common difference and is denoted by ( d ). For instance, consider the sequence -39, -34, -29, and so on. The difference between each pair of successive numbers is 5, indicating that this is an arithmetic sequence.

Determining if a Sequence is Arithmetic

To prove whether a given sequence is arithmetic, follow these steps: Calculate the difference between each pair of successive terms. Check if all the differences are equal. For instance, consider the sequence -39, -34, -29, and so on. Calculate the difference between each pair of numbers: -34 - (-39) 5 -29 - (-34) 5 ... If all the differences are the same, then the sequence is arithmetic. In this case, since the difference between each pair of numbers is 5, the sequence is indeed arithmetic.

The Explicit Formula for an Arithmetic Sequence

Once you have verified that a sequence is arithmetic, you can find the nth term using the explicit formula. The explicit formula for an arithmetic sequence is given by:

a n a 1 d ? ( n - 1 )

In this formula: a n The nth term of the sequence. a 1 The first term of the sequence. d The common difference. n The position of the term in the sequence.

Examples and Applications

Let's apply the explicit formula to the sequence -39, -34, -29, and so on, where the first term ( a_1 -39 ) and the common difference ( d 5 ). To find the 10th term of the sequence, use the formula as follows: a 10 - 39 5 ? ( 10 - 1 ) - 39 5 ? 9 - 39 45 6 Thus, the 10th term of the sequence is 6.

Conclusion

Understanding the criteria for an arithmetic sequence and the explicit rule for finding any term in the sequence can greatly enhance your ability to work with sequences in various mathematical contexts. Whether you are a student, teacher, or professional working in mathematics, this knowledge is invaluable. The techniques and formulas discussed here provide a robust foundation for handling arithmetic sequences effectively.

References and Resources

For further reading and practice, consider the following resources: MathIsFun: Arithmetic Sequences stattrek: Arithmetic Sequences