Why is it Called PhD and Doctor of Letters?

The term Doctorate of Philosophy (PhD) and the Doctor of Letters (DLITT) may raise some confusion among those who are not familiar with the intricacies of higher education. While both degrees grant recipients the title of Doctor, there are distinctions in their origins, nature, and application.

The Origins and Evolution of the PhD

Doctorate of Philosophy (PhD) is a degree that focuses on a high level of specialized research and scholarship. The term 'philosophy' in PhD can be traced back to the Greek roots of philos (love) and philein (to love), meaning a profound love for knowledge. In the Middle Ages, as academic institutions were forming, the term 'philosophy' was used to embrace all forms of knowledge, including science.

Early universities would certify individuals as doctores, or teachers, of knowledge and wisdom, which were central to the academic pursuits of the time. The term 'doctor' therefore has been synonymous with a deep understanding and imparting of knowledge for centuries.

The Distinction Between PhD and Other Doctorates

With the evolution of higher education, the term 'doctor' has maintained its association with academic rigor but has also taken on specialized meanings. The MD (Medical Doctor) and PsyD (Doctor of Psychology) are professional degrees, which signal a focused preparation in respective fields. MDs, for instance, do not necessarily perform original research in the same way that PhD recipients do. Similarly, PsyDs focus on practical applications, while PhDs emphasize research.

It is important to note that despite the professional degrees like MD and PsyD, most countries, including the United States, recognize PhD graduates with the title of Doctor. However, the use of the MD or PsyD can add to a person's professional identity, distinguishing them within their field.

Professional vs Academic Degrees

The PhD is primarily an academic degree. It signifies that the holder has conducted original research and is qualified to teach and conduct research at the highest levels. In contrast, the Degree of Letters (DLITT) is an honorary degree often bestowed upon individuals for distinguished service in the humanities or the arts. It does not typically involve original research, but rather recognizes significant contributions to the field.

While both degrees are distinguished by the title of Doctor, the applications and criteria for each are vastly different. A medical doctor who performs surgery or a psychologist who provides therapeutic services would typically use MD or PsyD in their professional settings, whereas a research-intensive scholar would likely use PhD or D LITT.

Conclusion

The terms PhD and Doctor of Letters (DLITT) are but two examples of the diverse landscape of academic and professional titles granted by higher education institutions. It is important to understand the distinctions between these degrees to foster a clearer sense of the academic and professional achievements they signify. Whether it is in the realm of medical practice, psychological evaluation, or scholarly research, the title of Doctor carries with it a profound implication of knowledge and expertise.