Korea's Resistance Against Japan: An Examination of the Long-Lasting Struggle
The history of Korea under Japanese occupation is one of enduring resistance and resilience, reflecting not just the will of individual leaders but the collective sentiments of a nation. Korea's resistance against Japanese imperialism spanned several decades, marking one of the most significant periods of Korean history.
Understanding Japan's Occupation of Korea
Japan's occupation of Korea was primarily seen as a strategic move to counter the advancing Russian and Soviet forces in the early 20th century. The naval victory in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) solidified Japan's presence on the Korean Peninsula. Despite its significant military and political gains, Japan's occupation was met with continued resistance from both the Korean people and other international forces.
A Deligent Diplomatic Struggle
The last Korean emperor, Kojong, tried to address the occupation through diplomatic means, sending three diplomats to the Hague to challenge the legitimacy of the Japanese-occupied status of Korea. The empress Minbi also sent a secret diplomat to Russia, both efforts being thwarted by Japanese interference.
Empress Minbi's Sacrifice
Emphasized as a pivotal figure, Empress Minbi was a key instigator in these diplomatic efforts. Her ultimate price was martyrdom, as she was brutally killed for her role in these efforts. This act of sacrifice was not in vain; it garnered the serious attention of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II, who published this news and criticism in major newspapers in Russia, spreading awareness in Europe.
People's Upheaval
Initially, the Korean people's resistance against Japanese rule was met with apathy. However, this changed as Japan's violent actions, including human experimentation and cultural suppression, sparked widespread resentment. This led to the formation of military forces in Manchuria, where Koreans began to fight back.
The 3.1 Movement
The turning point occurred on March 1, 1919, during the 3.1 Movement (March 1st Movement). This pivotal event, led by a female student, Lyu Kwan-soon, marked a significant shift in the Korean resistance. The movement began with a declaration for Korean independence and rapidly spread, with the 'Manse' movement characterized by peaceful protests and pro-Korean sentiment around the globe.
Global Impact and Support
The movement inspired Koreans abroad to stand in solidarity with the cause. In the United States, Mexican, and Cuban territories, Korean expatriates participated in various forms of support. Additionally, the beauty and selflessness of the movement attracted international attention. For instance, the poet Rabindranath Tagore, inspired by the peaceful resistance of Koreans, wrote a poem in support. Moreover, British, French, and American missionaries played a crucial role in spreading news about the violence and oppression in Korea.
Memorials and Legacy
Memorials such as the Baehwa High School girls who gave their lives for the cause remain significant to this day. Their courage and sacrifice have been immortalized both in historical records and in schools, where they are celebrated as national heroes. The continuous struggle against oppression led to the formation of military groups in Manchuria, ensuring that the fight for independence did not wane but continued with organized efforts.
The movement initiated in 1919 spanned nine years, during which the spirit of resistance lived worldwide. The 3.1 Movement serves as a testament to the enduring will of an entire nation, and the story of Korea's resistance against Japan is a profound example of the power of collective action and international support.