How to Properly Reference an Unpublished Thesis in APA Style

Introduction

In academic writing, referencing is crucial for giving credit to the sources you use. When it comes to citing an unpublished thesis, especially in American Psychological Association (APA) style, the format is well-defined and straightforward. This guide will provide you with a comprehensive overview, along with examples, to ensure your citations are clear and accurate.

APA Style Basics for Unpublished Theses

A thesis or dissertation that has not been published is an unpublished work. In APA style, such a work should be cited with specific formatting. Here are the key elements and steps to follow:

General Format

The general format for citing an unpublished thesis in APA style is as follows:

Author Last Name First Initials. (Year). Title of the thesis. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Name of Institution.

Example Citation

Smith, J. D. (2020). Exploring the effects of social media on youth behavior. Unpublished doctoral thesis. University of Anytown.

Key Points

Italicize the title of the thesis. Capitalize only the first word and any proper nouns within the title, not the subtitle. Educational institutions such as universities should be included.

Additional Tips

The APA 7th edition provides specific guidelines for citing unpublished materials. Here are some additional tips to ensure your citations are accurate:

No URL

Since unpublished documents are usually in print or not publicly available, there is typically no need to include a URL in your citation.

Availability in Databases

If the thesis is available in a database or archive, treat it as if it were a published document. Include the available database or repository in your citation.

No Date

If there is no date available, you can use the abbreviation ldquo;n.d.rdquo; in APA style.

Where to Find Further Guidance

For more detailed information and examples, you can refer to resources such as:

Purdue University OWL (Online Writing Lab) University research portals that offer detailed guidelines and examples of APA citation styles. Official APA website: American Psychological Association

Conclusion

Citing an unpublished thesis correctly is important for maintaining academic integrity. By following the formatting rules for APA style, you can ensure that your citations are accurate and clear. Always refer to reputable sources for the most up-to-date guidelines and examples. Whether yoursquo;re a student, a researcher, or an academic, accurate citation practices are essential for your work.

Note: Always consult the latest APA guidelines to ensure you are following the most current standards.