How Are Film Titles Cited in Academic Writing: MLA and APA Styles
In academic writing, the citation of film titles differs depending on the cited style. Below, we will explore the specific guidelines for citing film titles in both MLA and APA formats.
MLA Style
When using MLA style, film titles are italicized. Additionally, there are a few key rules to follow:
Italicize the film title: This is the most important aspect of MLA citation for film titles. Capitalize the first word and all major words in the title: This includes verbs, adjectives, nouns, adverbs, and pronouns. Minor words like articles, coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions should remain lowercase unless they are the first or last word of the title. Enclose the film title in quotation marks if it is part of a larger work: Examples include an anthology or a collection of films.For a complete example, consider the following format:
Gone with the Wind. Directed by Victor Fleming. Starring Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh. Selznick International Pictures, 1939.
APA Style
As with MLA, APA also requires the film title to be italicized. However, the format slightly differs:
Italicize the film title: This is a key step in APA format as well. Capitalize the first word and the subtitle (if any): Major words should be capitalized, but minor words remain in lowercase. Include the year of release and the director's name: The directors' name should come after the year of release.For a complete example, consider the following format:
Gone with the Wind. (1939). Directed by Victor Fleming. [Motion picture]. Selznick International Pictures.
Additional Important Considerations
While the above guidelines cover the basic elements of citing film titles in MLA and APA styles, it is crucial to consult the specific style guide or the official manuals for MLA and APA for further details. Ensuring accuracy and adhering to the specific rules is critical in academic writing. Here are a few key points to remember beyond the basic format:
Directors' Names: In MLA, the directors' name comes after the film title. In APA, the directors' name appears after the year of release. Subtitles: Subtitles in APA should be in sentence case, meaning only the first word and proper nouns should be capitalized. Production Companies: Both MLA and APA cite the production company's name at the end, but APA requires it to be included in the citation. Format of the Film: APA format requires specifying the format, such as [Motion picture], [Documentary], etc., after the director's name.Conclusion
Accurate citation of film titles is essential in academic writing to give proper credit and ensure academic integrity. Whether you are using MLA or APA style, it is vital to follow the specific guidelines to avoid errors and maintain credibility. Always consult the latest versions of the MLA and APA style guides for any updates or additional details.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q: When should I use quotation marks with a film title in MLA? Quotation marks are used in MLA when the film title is part of a larger collection, such as an anthology or a series of films. If the film is a standalone work, it should be italicized without quotation marks. Q: How do I cite a film with multiple directors in APA? In APA style, list all directors' names separated by commas, and include a "and" before the last director's name. For example, "Directed by Jane Doe, and John Smith." Q: What should I do if a film title contains punctuation in APA format? In APA, punctuation within the title (such as ampersands, parentheses, and commas) is retained as it appears in the original title.By following the guidelines provided and consulting the official manuals for MLA and APA, you can ensure that your film citations are accurate and consistent in your academic writing.