General Douglas MacArthur's Deserving of the Medal of Honor: A Case Study

One does not win the Medal of Honor. It is earned; no one can take it for granted or achieve it through competition or mere recognition. This article delves into the extraordinary actions of General Douglas MacArthur that led to his posthumous award of the Medal of Honor in the face of the Japanese invasion of the Philippines during World War II.

Understanding the Medal of Honor

The Medal of Honor, the highest and most prestigious military decoration in the United States, is not merely a symbol of valor but a testament to an individual's conspicuous gallantry above and beyond the call of duty. This honor is reserved for those who exhibit the most exceptional acts of heroism and courage. Just like Wing Commander James 'Willie' Tait, who won numerous ribbons for his extraordinary service during World War II, General MacArthur earned his Medal of Honor for his actions during the defense of the Philippines against the Japanese invasion.

MacArthur's Defense of the Philippines

When the Japanese invaded the Philippines, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, as Commander of the Southwest Pacific campaigns, gave orders for MacArthur to evacuate his force via PT boat and submarine, making his way to Australia. The depth of MacArthur's commitment to his mission is evident in his decision to break through to Australia, a move that ensured the survival of his forces. On the same day he secured this vital escape, he made his way to Brisbane, Australia, to regroup and strategize. His journey back to Australia with his son, Arthur, remains a historic footnote and a testament to his resolve.

The gallantry displayed by General MacArthur during his evacuation mirrored his earlier actions during the Battle of Bataan. His leadership and bravery were instrumental in slowing down the Japanese advance and saving countless lives. This latter-day valor is a direct result of his earlier leadership in the Philippines, making his overall contribution to the defense of the nation a continuous and heroic effort.

Recognition and Awards

General MacArthur's commendations include numerous decorations for valor. Even before his time in the Philippines, he had been recommended for the Medal of Honor for his actions during the intervention in Mexico at Vera Cruz and for his service in World War I. However, the recommendation from Vera Cruz was denied due to the local commander's unauthorized authorization of MacArthur's reconnaissance. Similarly, his World War I recommendation was downgraded to a Distinguished Service Cross. Despite these early setbacks, MacArthur continued to earn numerous awards for his valor during his entire career, including two Distinguished Service Crosses, seven Silver Star Medals, the French and Belgian Croix de Guerre with Bronze Palm, the Crown of the Order of Italy, and two Purple Hearts, among others.

Moreover, during World War I, MacArthur's frontline leadership with the 84th Infantry Brigade further highlighted his commitment to his troops and his strategic acumen. In World War II, his service as Chief of Staff of the 42nd Division and his leadership in the 84th Infantry Brigade demonstrated his courage and leadership under fire.

Conclusion

In summary, General Douglas MacArthur's actions during the defense of the Philippines and his subsequent evacuation are a testament to his unwavering dedication and leadership. The Medal of Honor he earned posthumously is a fitting recognition of his conspicuous gallantry above and beyond the call of duty. His story serves as an inspiration for all who seek to uphold the highest standards of valor and service.

Keywords: Medal of Honor, Douglas MacArthur, World War II