Exploring the Art of Cartography: Cartograms and Schematic Design
Introduction to Cartograms: Maps Redrawn for Population Density
Cartography, the art and science of map-making, often revolves around accurately representing geographical features and population distribution. However, certain kinds of maps, known as cartograms, challenge this approach in fascinating ways. Unlike traditional maps that are drawn to scale, cartograms scale the representation of regions based on specific data, such as population. This approach provides a unique visualization that can offer valuable insights into demographic trends and geographical disparities.
Visit our extensive gallery of cartograms.
Understanding the Concept of Cartograms
A cartogram is a map that is distorted based on specific data, most commonly population or GDP, rather than geographical area. This means that the size of regions on the map is proportionate to their value in the chosen metric, rather than their actual area. For instance, in a map scaled to population, countries or regions with larger populations would be shown as larger on the map, even if they are actually smaller in physical size.
Examples of Cartograms
One notable example is a cartogram that represents countries based on their population in a given year. This map would show more densely populated regions as more prominent, highlighting the sheer number of people in those areas. This type of cartogram provides a visual representation that can make it easier to understand the relative sizes of populations at a glance.
Subway Maps: Schematic Design in Action
Schematic design, a subset of cartography, plays a crucial role in creating maps that prioritize usability and clarity over precise geographical representation. Consider the London Tube map or the New York City Subway map. These iconic subway maps are not geographically accurate; instead, they distort the placement and size of physical locations to provide a simple and uncluttered view of subway lines and stations.
The London Tube Map
The Tube map, designed by Harry Beck in 1931, is a prime example of schematic design. It uses a grid-like structure to represent subway lines, with the positions of stations being significantly altered or omitted to simplify the map and make it more readable. The actual geographical layout of London is not accurately represented; the purpose is to facilitate navigation and understanding of the subway network.
The NYC Subway Map
The New York City Subway map, another hallmark of schematic design, follows a similar principle. The map is designed to be easily recognizable and straightforward, with subway lines represented by straight horizontal, vertical, and diagonal lines. The geographical accuracy of locations is often sacrificed for clarity and simplicity, making it easier for commuters to navigate the complex network of subway stations.
Comparison of Geographical Maps vs. Schematic Maps
Geographical maps prioritize accuracy and detail, providing a comprehensive representation of physical features and locations. These maps are ideal for planning and navigation when precise information is required. In contrast, schematic maps, such as cartograms and subway maps, prioritize usability and clarity. Schematic maps aim to simplify complex information, making it easier to understand and navigate.
Conclusion: The Evolution of Cartography
Cartography, the art and science of map-making, continues to evolve with the advent of new technologies and changing needs. From detailed geographical maps to cartograms that represent data differently, and from traditional subway maps to modern schematic designs, maps have become more versatile and user-friendly. Whether you are navigating a complex subway system or trying to understand population trends, the right type of map can make all the difference.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a cartogram?
A cartogram is a map where the size and shape of regions are distorted to represent data other than geographical area, such as population or economic output. It provides a unique way to visualize data distribution.
Why are subway maps not geographically accurate?
Subway maps are designed to be easily recognizable and navigable. By distorting geographical accuracy, these maps prioritize clarity and simplicity, making it easier for commuters to understand the layout of the subway system.
How do cartograms assist in understanding population distribution?
Cartograms scale regions based on population, making it easier to visualize the relative sizes of populations. This can help in understanding demographic trends and geographical disparities.
References
1. Beck, Harry. London Underground Map. 1931
2. Public transit maps of the world. _subway