Effective Problem Solving Strategies and Research Methods

Problem solving is a critical skill in every field, from business to healthcare. One effective method involves the use of investigative questions and an in-depth understanding of the issue at hand. Imagine an inverted triangle: starting with observable reality, progressively delving into the root causes, and gaining a comprehensive understanding. This approach ensures correct decisions and thorough problem-solving.

Understanding the Root Cause Through Investigative Questions

Let's take the example of sun tanning during the 1960s. Why was it so popular? To answer this, we must look back at the historical context, such as post-war Europe, the opening of the Interstate highway system, and the availability of air travel. By examining these factors and delving deeper, we can discover the underlying reasons behind the popularity of sun tanning. This same method applies to any problem we encounter.

Research Methods for Solving Complex Problems

Qualitative Research

Qualitative research is the first step in gathering data. It often involves focus groups, where a professional moderator facilitates discussions on the topic at hand. For example, when researching sunscreens, a moderator might ask respondents about their likes and dislikes regarding different sunscreen products. One participant might say, "I don't feel comfortable using strong chemicals on my baby." This insight can lead to the development of a new product, such as Waterbabies, a sunscreen specifically designed for babies.

Quantitative Research

Quantitative research follows qualitative research to validate the findings. The goal is to achieve a pass/fail result and gather statistical data. Respondents are presented with an idea or product concept and asked a series of questions:

Would they like and use the product often? Would they like and use the product sometime? Are they indifferent? Do they dislike the product? Do they dislike the product very much?

The top two box scores (highly favorable responses) are crucial. We aim for at least a 70–80% positive response. Any deviation from this range indicates potential areas for improvement. Once the idea is refined based on feedback, it is retested to ensure it meets the necessary criteria.

Developing New Products Based on Research

The process of developing a new product, such as Waterbabies, involves several stages. Firstly, a focus group is conducted to gather initial insights. Then, a refined concept is tested on a larger demographic to determine its viability. For Waterbabies, it was important to ensure that the product met the needs of parents and would appeal to their children. The product had to be safe, attractive, and practical for everyday use.

Problem Solving in a Legal Context

Problem solving can also be applied to legal scenarios, similar to a court case. In a legal case, the accused is presumed innocent and the burden of proof lies with the prosecution. A fair trial ensures that all evidence is presented impartially, and the accused is given the opportunity to present their case. If the evidence is insufficient or the accused can prove that the evidence does not implicate them, they are acquitted.

Investigative Questions in Problem Solving

Investigative questions are essential in delving into the root causes of a problem and identifying potential solutions. Much like a prosecutor or a defender, we ask questions to reveal the extent and underlying causes of the issue. Once the causes are identified, we then ask how they can be corrected or addressed. Even beyond this, we consider the resources required, approvals from others, and potential side effects.

Conclusion

Effective problem solving requires a thorough understanding of the issue at hand, validated through both qualitative and quantitative research methods. By using investigative questions and following a structured approach, we can solve complex problems and create innovative solutions.