Choosing Between .cc and .cpp for C Files in Modern Development
Introduction
When working with C source files, developers often face the question of whether to use .cc, .cpp, or .cxx as file extensions. This choice can seem trivial at first, but it plays a significant role in maintaining code clarity, consistency, and productivity.
The Common Practice and .cpp Extension
.cpp is widely recognized and used for C files, which often includes C files as well. In the C community, the .cpp extension is gaining prominence due to its consistency with C practices and widespread recognition. Many developers prefer .cpp because:
It aligns with the extension used for C , making it easier to distinguish between C and C files. It promotes a clean and consistent coding environment, regardless of the specific project type.Historical Context and .cc Extension
.cc has a long history in certain Unix-based systems and older C projects. However, its usage is gradually becoming less common. Some projects and organizations prefer .cc for reasons of consistency with their existing coding standards. Nonetheless, for modern projects, .cc may not be as intuitive for new developers.
Project Standards and Consistency
Consistency is key in any project. If you are joining an existing team or starting a new one, it's essential to follow the established conventions. For example, if the project already uses .c for C files, it makes sense to stick with .cpp for C files. This ensures that all team members are on the same page and minimizes confusion.
Modern Text Editors and Compiler Flexibility
Modern text editors and integrated development environments (IDEs) are designed to handle different file types based on their content, not just the extension. For instance, both .cc and .cpp are often treated as C files. Similarly, the compiler does not care about the file extension as long as the correct flags and switches are provided. Therefore, the choice of extension is more about coding standards and personal preference rather than technical necessity.
Header File Extensions: .h vs. .hpp
When it comes to header files, it's equally important to choose the right extension. While .h is commonly used, using .hpp can improve code completion and readability. For example, many code completion engines like clangd may fail to provide accurate code completion for C code in a .h file unless it ends with .hpp. This can significantly enhance productivity in large projects where code completion is a vital tool.
Personal Preferences and Practical Considerations
Ultimately, the choice between .cc and .cpp is a matter of personal and team preferences. Some developers prefer .cpp because it is visually distinct and less prone to being mistaken for a .c or .cc file. Others may find .cpp more irritating due to the repeated 'C' characters. The key is to pick an extension and stick with it consistently throughout the project.
Conclusion
For modern projects, the .cpp extension is recommended due to its widespread recognition and alignment with C practices. However, the choice should ultimately depend on the conventions established in your project or team. Always aim for consistency to promote clarity and maintain a productive development environment.